What is the mechanism of drug action in antihypertensive agents?
Antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure by targeting various physiological mechanisms such as reducing cardiac output, dilating blood vessels, or decreasing blood volume. These agents include classes like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics, each working uniquely to manage hypertension and reduce cardiovascular risks.
Define bioavailability. What factors affect the bioavailability of a drug?
Bioavailability refers to the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation in its active form. It is a critical concept in pharmacokinetics and directly affects a drug’s efficacy. Factors influencing bioavailability include drug formulation, route of administration, solubility, first-pass metabolism, and patient-specific variables like age and digestive health.
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